Aims: The aim of the work is to point out the transmission of electrical voltage changes in the visual analyser and thus the efficiency of the bionic eye.
Material and methods: The review deals with the question of the transmission of electrical changes in visual path voltage under physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, it points to feedback autoregulatory damage not only of primarily altered cellular structures, but of all other, both horizontally and vertically localized. Based on the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiological methods, it shows the pathology of the entire visual pathway in three eye diseases: retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma.
Results: The thesis also provides an overview of possible systems that are used to replace lost vision, from epiretinal, subretinal, suprachoroidal implants, through stimulation of the optic nerve, corpus geniculatum laterale to the visual cortex.
Conclusion: Due to the pathology of neurotransmission, bionic eye systems cannot be expected to be restored after stabilization of binocular functions.