Czech and Slovak Ophthalmology 576 10.31348/2026/34 Review The Significance of Cycloplegia in The Diagnosis of Refractive Errors: Indications, Benefits, and Risks in Pediatric Patients. A Review Zobanová Anna 13 10 2026 6 1

Quality of vision in children currently represents a significant global public health issue. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for ensuring optimal visual development during childhood. On January 1, 2026, a new screening program was launched in the Czech Republic entitled “Early Detection of Serious Eye Defects (VZOV) in Children Under 3 Years of Age.” Several countries worldwide have established national guidelines defining the characteristics and components of high-quality eye examination for pediatric patients. While approaches may differ regarding the organization of pediatric eye care and the specific roles of the particular specialists involved, there is complete consensus regarding the principles governing the treatment of refractive errors. Cycloplegics and mydriatics are essential in pediatric ophthalmology, as they enable the diagnosis and treatment of certain eye conditions. Cycloplegia is considered most valuable for the accurate assessment of refractive errors. However, the occurrence of certain adverse effects – particularly in susceptible patients – has prompted a review of the literature regarding the benefits and risks associated with their use. These risks are categorized into local and systemic adverse effects; the latter are rare and occur primarily in patients with specific risk factors.

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