Czech and Slovak Ophthalmology559Recommended ProceduresGuidelines for diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathyKalvodováBohdanaSosnaTomášŘehákJiříhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0932-1401KolářPetrhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3709-4648ErnestAdamhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9560-846XPitrováŠárkahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8472-92341012201263
Czech Ophthalmology Society of Czech Medical Association of J.E. Purkyně, Czech Diabetes Society of Czech Medical Association of J.E. Purkyně Czech Vitreoretinal Society.
ReferencesACCORD Study Group: ACCORD Eye Study Group. N Engl J Med 2010; 363 (3):233-44.Aiello LP, Gardner TW, King GL, Blan- kenship G, Gavallerano JD, Ferris FL, Klein R: Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabe- tes Care 1998; 21:143-156.American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2011. Diabetes Care 2011; 34:S11-S61.DCCT Research Group: The effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the development and progression of long- -term complication in insulin-depen- dent diabetes mellitus. N Eng J Med 1993; 329: 977-986.Early Treatment Retinopathy Study Research Group. Effects of aspirin treatment on diabetic retinopathy: ETDRS report no. 8. Ophthalmology 1991; 98:757-765.FIELD study investigators. Lancet. 2007; 370(9600):1687-97.PROGNOSIS AND PREVENTION Prevention of the occurrence and progression of DR may be implemented on the precondition of professional co- -operation of diabetologists, specialists of internal medicine, general practitioners and ophthalmologists. The aim of treatment of DM patients by a diabetologist in relation to the prevention and stabilisation of DR is long-term satisfactory compensation of DM and control of hypertension. For diabetic patients the diabetologist will recommend an examination by an ophthalmologist at the time of determination of the diagnosis of both types of DM (symptoms of DR may already be present), and subsequently a minimum of 1x per year. The ophthalmologist is then responsible for identification of DR, keeps a record of diabetic patients with DR, invites them for regular examinations and ensures specialised ophthalmological treatment. Active screening is performed by the ophthalmologist on children aged over 10 years, in the case of types 1 and 2 DM immediately afASSESSMENT PERSPECTIVES IN OCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF DR Advanced stages of DR which significantly reduce sharpness of vision or limit the visual field are indications for recognition of partial or full disability, taking into consideration the specific circumstances in the individual patients according to the relevant regulations. Blindness is understood to mean a visual disorder in which visual functions (distance vision, visual field) are severely reduced or non-exist. The categorisation of blindness has been performed according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Patients with visual disorders have been divided, according to sharpness of vision with the best possible correction in the better eye, into slightly visually-impaired (vision maximally less than 6/18 or minimally equal to or better than 6/60), severely visually-impaired (vision maximally less than 6/60 or minimally equal to or better than 3/60), practically blind (vision below 3/60 or visual field less tKalvodová B, Sklenka P, Uchálová- -Varcholová D, Aboutable T: Diagnostika a léčba diabetické retinopatie a jejích komplikací, DMEV 2002, s. 214- 218.Kalvodová B. Diabetická oftalmopatie. In Škrha J a al.: Diabetologie. Galén 2009, s.177-188.Murphy RP. Management of diabetic retinopathy. Am Fam Med 1995; 4: 529-534.Scanlon P, Wilkinson C, Aldington J, Matthews D. A practical manual of diabetic retinopathy management. Wiley – Blacwell 2009, 214 s.Sosna T, Bouček P, Fišer I. Diabetická retinopatie – diagnostika, prevence, léčba. Praha 2001, J. Cendelín; p. 255Sosna et al.: Diabetická retinopatie – rizikové faktory, prevence a terapie. Čes. a slov. Oftal. 2010; 66:195-203.Škrha J et al. Diabetologie. Galén, Praha 2009, 418 s.Pelikánová T., Bartoš V. a kol. Praktická diabetologie, 4. rozšířené vydání. Maxdorf, Praha 2010, 738 s.UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UK- PDS) Group: Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 1998; 352: 837-853.UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group: Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDSWilkinson CP, Ferris FL, Klein RE et al.: Proposed international clinical diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema diseace severity scales. Ophthalmology, 2003; 110: 1677-1682.Zima T. Laboratorní diagnostika, Karolínum, 2009.B M J 1998; 317: 703-713.